Technical Handbook
Cover powder functions, reoxidation control, and insulation behavior for ladle and tundish practice.
Last updated: March 15, 2026
Overview
Studies in continuous casting show that tundish cover powders influence the oxidation rate of molten steel and are sensitive to oxygen partial pressure and powder layer thickness.[1]
Roles
Studies on tundish practice show that cover powders influence reoxidation by limiting air exposure and controlling oxygen transfer at the steel surface. The net oxidation rate depends on process stage and powder coverage conditions.[1]
Production-scale measurements quantify oxidation contributions during initial teeming and stable casting, underscoring the role of cover powders and air exposure in tundish cleanliness.[2]
Reoxidation
Research on tundish practice shows reoxidation behavior depends on cover powder conditions and process parameters. Studies report measurable oxidation rate changes with cover powder use and teeming conditions.[1]
Additional work on tundish reoxidation behavior highlights how operational factors and cover flux influence oxygen pickup.[2]
Insulation
Cover powder thickness and coverage conditions influence oxygen transfer at the steel surface and help stabilize temperature by limiting exposure to the atmosphere during casting operations.[1]
Flux Chemistry
Experimental work shows that specific oxides in cover flux, such as Cr2O3, can contribute to reoxidation of Al-killed steel, underscoring the need to match chemistry to steel grade.[3]
Operational Practice
Trial grades are recommended when changing cover powder chemistry or casting practice.
FAQ
Apply enough to maintain continuous coverage of the steel surface. The exact quantity depends on ladle size and practice.
Yes. Properly selected cover flux reduces reoxidation and helps maintain cleanliness during casting.
Yes, but changes should be validated through controlled trials and monitored for oxygen pickup and temperature loss.
References